Laravel tip (phần 1)

Thứ Năm, 28/05/2020

Tram Ho

Tip 1 Single Action Controller

Nếu bạn muốn tạo một controller với chỉ một action, bạn có thể sử dụng phương thức __invoke() để tạo một controller “invokable”.

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>
<span class="token keyword">namespace</span> <span class="token package">App<span class="token punctuation"></span>Http<span class="token punctuation"></span>Controllers</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token package">App<span class="token punctuation"></span>User</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token package">App<span class="token punctuation"></span>Http<span class="token punctuation"></span>Controllers<span class="token punctuation"></span>Controller</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">ShowProfile</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">Controller</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
   <span class="token comment">/**
   * Show the profile for the given user.
   *
   * @param int $id
   * @return Response
   */</span>
   <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">__invoke</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
   <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
       <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">view</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'user.profile'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'user'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> User<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">findOrFail</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
   <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span>

<?php

namespace AppHttpControllers;

use AppUser;

use AppHttpControllersController;

class ShowProfile extends Controller

{

/**

* Show the profile for the given user.

* @param int $id

* @return Response

*/

public function __invoke($id)

{

return view('user.profile', ['user' => User::findOrFail($id)]);

}

Routes

Route<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'user/{id}'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'ShowProfile'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Route::get('user/{id}', 'ShowProfile');

Câu lệnh để generate controller này là

php artisan make:controller ShowProfile --invokable

1 2	php artisan make:controller ShowProfile --invokable

Tip 2 Unsigned Integer

Để đặt foreign key trong migrations, thay vì sử dụng integer(), hãy sử dụng unsignedInteger() hoặc integer()->unsigned(), nếu không, bạn có thể nhận một số lỗi SQL.

Schema<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'employees'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Blueprint <span class="token variable">$table</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
   <span class="token variable">$table</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">unsignedInteger</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'company_id'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
   <span class="token variable">$table</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">foreign</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'company_id'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">references</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'id'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">on</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'companies'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
   <span class="token comment">// ...</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Schema::create('employees', function (Blueprint $table) {

$table->unsignedInteger('company_id');

$table->foreign('company_id')->references('id')->on('companies');

// ...

});

Bạn có thể sử dụng unsignedBigInteger() trong trường hợp cột có kiểu bigInteger()

Schema<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">create</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'employees'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Blueprint <span class="token variable">$table</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
   <span class="token variable">$table</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">unsignedBigInteger</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'company_id'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

$table->unsignedBigInteger('company_id');

});

Tip 3 Sử dụng OrderBy ngay trong Eloquent relationship

Bạn có thể sử dụng orderBy ngay trong Eloquent relationship của model

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">products</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">hasMany</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Product<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">productsByName</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">hasMany</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Product<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">class</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">orderBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'name'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

public function products()

{

}

public function productsByName()

{

return $this->hasMany(Product::class)->orderBy('name');

}

Tip 4 Sắp xếp các migrations

Nếu muốn sắp xếp các DB migrations, bạn chỉ cần thay đổi tên file và timestamp
Ví dụ, đổi từ 2018_08_04_070443_create_posts_table.php thành 2018_07_04_070443_create_posts_table.php, thì file migrations này sẽ thay đổi vị trí sắp xếp theo alphabetical

Tip 5 Raw DB Queries: havingRaw()

Bạn có thể sử dụng một số truy vấn RAW DB QUERIES ở một vài nơi, bao gồm cả havingRaw() sau khi thực hiện groupBy()

Product<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">groupBy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'category_id'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">havingRaw</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'COUNT(*) &gt; 1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Product::groupBy('category_id')->havingRaw('COUNT(*) > 1')->get();

Tip 6 Biến $loop trong vòng lặp foreach

Trong vòng lặp foreach, bạn có thể sử dụng biến $loop để thực hiện rất nhiều việc

@<span class="token keyword">foreach</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$users</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token variable">$user</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
   @<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$loop</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">first</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
   This is the first iteration<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
   @<span class="token keyword">endif</span>
   @<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$loop</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">last</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
   This is the last iteration<span class="token punctuation">.</span>
   @<span class="token keyword">endif</span>
   <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>p<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>This is user <span class="token punctuation">{</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token variable">$user</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">id</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span><span class="token operator">/</span>p<span class="token operator">&gt;</span>
@<span class="token keyword">endforeach</span>

@foreach ($users as $user)

@if ($loop->first)

This is the first iteration.

@endif

@if ($loop->last)

This is the last iteration.

@endif

@endforeach

Cụ thể các tác vụ có thể thực hiện với biến $loop có thể như sau

Thuộc tính	Mô tả
$loop->index	Lấy chỉ số index của vòng lặp hiện tại được tính bắt đầu từ 0
$loop->iteration	Lấy số lần lặp (bắt đầu từ 0)
$loop->remaining	Số vòng lặp còn lại của vòng lặp
$loop->count	Tổng số phần tử sẽ được duyệt trong vòng lặp
$loop->first	Phần tử đầu tiên trong vòng lặp
$loop->last	Phần tử cuối cùng trong vòng lặp
$loop->even	Các phần tử đứng vị trí chẵn trong vòng lặp
$loop->odd	Các phần tử đứng vị trí lẻ trong vòng lặp
$loop->depth	Nesting level của các vòng lặp hiện tại
$loop->parent	Khi vòng lặp được nested, biến này nó sẽ trả về vòng lặp cha

Tip 7 Eloquent where date methods

Trong Eloquent, chúng ta có thể sử dụng các function whereDay(), whereMonth(), whereYear(), whereDate(), whereTime() để query thời gian một cách chính xác.

<span class="token variable">$products</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Product<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">whereDate</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'created_at'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'2018-01-31'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$products</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Product<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">whereMonth</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'created_at'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'12'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$products</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Product<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">whereDay</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'created_at'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'31'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$products</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Product<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">whereYear</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'created_at'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token function">date</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'Y'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$products</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> Product<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">whereTime</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'created_at'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'='</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'14:13:58'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

$products = Product::whereDate('created_at', '2018-01-31')->get();

$products = Product::whereMonth('created_at', '12')->get();

$products = Product::whereDay('created_at', '31')->get();

$products = Product::whereYear('created_at', date('Y'))->get();

$products = Product::whereTime('created_at', '=', '14:13:58')->get();

Tip 8 Route group bên trong một group

Trong Route, chúng ta có thể tạo thêm một group bên trong chính group đó.

Route<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">group</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'prefix'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'account'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'as'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'account.'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Route<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'login'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__">[email protected]</a>'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Route<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'register'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__">[email protected]</a>'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Route<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">group</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'middleware'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'auth'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
Route<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">get</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'edit'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__">[email protected]</a>'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Route::group(['prefix' => 'account', 'as' => 'account.'], function() {

Route::get('login', '<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__">[email protected]</a>');

Route::get('register', '<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__">[email protected]</a>');

Route::group(['middleware' => 'auth'], function() {

Route::get('edit', '<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__">[email protected]</a>');

});

Tip 9 Increments and decrements

Nếu bạn muốn một cột trong DB tăng, chỉ cần sử dụng increment(). Cũng không nhất thiết là mỗi lần tăng lên 1, có thể tăng mỗi lần lên 50.

Post<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$post_id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">increment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'view_count'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
User<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$user_id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">increment</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'points'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

Post::find($post_id)->increment('view_count');

User::find($user_id)->increment('points', 50);

Tip 10 Kiểm tra file view có tồn tại hay không ?

Bạn có thể kiểm tra xem file View có tồn tại hay khong trước khi load ra chúng

<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">view</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">exists</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'custom.page'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token comment">// Load the view</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

if (view()->exists('custom.page')) {

// Load the view

}

Bạn cũng có thể load ra file View đầu tiên nếu nó tồn tại trong mảng các file view được liệt kê

<span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">view</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">first</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'custom.dashboard'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'dashboard'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$data</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

return view()->first(['custom.dashboard', 'dashboard'], $data);

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