Cách thiết lập ứng dụng Node.js để sản xuất với pm2, nginx

Thứ Tư, 30/12/2020

Tram Ho

Mở đầu

Bài này mình viết với mục đích để tổng hợp lại kiến thức và bổ sung kĩ thuật liên quan đến server cho bản thân. Thực tế thì có rất nhiều cách để deploy ứng dụng nodejs (express framework), nhưng trong bày này mình sẽ lựa chọn stack capistrano + pm2 + nginx

Init project

Để cho nhanh mình sử dụng express-generator để init project như sau:

npx express-generator --view=ejs --git

1 2	npx express-generator --view=ejs --git

Tham khảo: https://expressjs.com/en/starter/generator.html .

Sau khi đã init và start ứng dụng thành công , bước tiếp theo là cài đặt capistrano cho việc tự động depoly code lên server

Capistrano (local side)

Prerequisite

Trước tiên các bạn cần phải cài đặt ruby (rbenv or rvm). Sau đó bạn có thể init Gemfile bằng câu lệnh bundle init

Edit Gemfile như dưới đây, sau đó chạy bundle install để cài đặt gem.

source 'https://rubygems.org'

git_source(:github) {|repo_name| "https://github.com/#{repo_name}" }

group :development do
  gem 'capistrano', require: false
  gem 'capistrano-npm', require: false
end

source 'https://rubygems.org'

git_source(:github) {|repo_name| "https://github.com/#{repo_name}" }

group :development do

gem 'capistrano', require: false

gem 'capistrano-npm', require: false

end

Generate file config với câu lệnh $ cap install. Trong Capfile bỏ comment dòng dưới đây

# Load DSL and set up stages
require 'capistrano/setup'
require 'capistrano/deploy'
require 'capistrano/scm/git'
install_plugin Capistrano::SCM::Git
require 'capistrano/npm'
require 'capistrano/slackify'

Dir.glob('lib/capistrano/tasks/*.rake').each { |r| import r }

# Load DSL and set up stages

require 'capistrano/setup'

require 'capistrano/deploy'

require 'capistrano/scm/git'

install_plugin Capistrano::SCM::Git

require 'capistrano/npm'

require 'capistrano/slackify'

Dir.glob('lib/capistrano/tasks/*.rake').each { |r| import r }

Việc tiếp theo là sửa file config/deploy.rb

# config valid for current version and patch releases of Capistrano
lock "~&gt; 3.14.1"

set :application, 'nodejs_skeleton'
set :repo_url, '<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__">[email protected]</a>:duongpham910/nodejs_skeleton.git'
set :keep_releases, 5
set :deploy_to, '/var/www/nodejs_skeleton'

namespace :deploy do
  desc 'Restart pm2'
  task :restart_app do
    on roles(:app) do
      execute 'sudo /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton restart'
    end
  end

  before :finished, :restart_app
end

# config valid for current version and patch releases of Capistrano

lock "~> 3.14.1"

set :application, 'nodejs_skeleton'

set :repo_url, '<a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection" class="__cf_email__">[email protected]</a>:duongpham910/nodejs_skeleton.git'

set :keep_releases, 5

set :deploy_to, '/var/www/nodejs_skeleton'

namespace :deploy do

desc 'Restart pm2'

task :restart_app do

on roles(:app) do

execute 'sudo /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton restart'

end

before :finished, :restart_app

end

Tuỳ thuộc vào môi trường ( trong trường hợp này là production). Mở file config/deploy/production.rb

set :user, 'ec2-user'
set :stage, :production
set :ssh_options, {
  keys: %w(~/key.pem),
  forward_agent: false,
  auth_methods: %w(publickey)
}

# Pass varibale to deploy from different git branches
set :deploy_ref, ENV['DEPLOY_REF']
if fetch(:deploy_ref)
 set :branch, fetch(:deploy_ref)
else
 set :branch, 'master'
end

# Setup IP with ec2 server
server '', user: fetch(:user), roles: %w[app web]

set :user, 'ec2-user'

set :stage, :production

set :ssh_options, {

keys: %w(~/key.pem),

forward_agent: false,

auth_methods: %w(publickey)

}

# Pass varibale to deploy from different git branches

set :deploy_ref, ENV['DEPLOY_REF']

if fetch(:deploy_ref)

set :branch, fetch(:deploy_ref)

else

set :branch, 'master'

end

# Setup IP with ec2 server

server '', user: fetch(:user), roles: %w[app web]

EC2 (server side)

Prerequisite

Cần cài đặt các package sau

Nginx

sudo yum install nginx

1 2	sudo yum install nginx

Node (& yarn or npm)

Cài đặt nvm

&gt; git clone https://github.com/creationix/nvm.git ~/.nvm  
source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh

> git clone https://github.com/creationix/nvm.git ~/.nvm

source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh

Sửa file .bashrc như dưới, sau đó chạy lệnh source .bashrc

if [[ -s ~/.nvm/nvm.sh ]] ; then
  source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh ;
fi

if [[ -s ~/.nvm/nvm.sh ]] ; then

source ~/.nvm/nvm.sh ;

Cuối cùng

nvm install 12.16.1
nvm use 12.16.1
node -v
ln -s `which node` /usr/local/bin/node //create symlink

nvm install 12.16.1

nvm use 12.16.1

node -v

ln -s `which node` /usr/local/bin/node //create symlink

npm install -g pm2
ln -s `which pm2` /usr/local/bin/pm2 //create symlink

npm install -g pm2

ln -s `which pm2` /usr/local/bin/pm2 //create symlink

App preparation

Các bạn cần tạo thư mục có đường dẫn như sau /var/www/nodejs_skeleton. Cấp quyền cho thư mục:

sudo chmod -R 777 /www

1 2	sudo chmod -R 777 /www

Trong nodejs_skeleton directory tạo thư mục sau để chuẩn bị cho việc deploy bằng capistrano

repo
releases
shared

repo

releases

shared

Configuration

Nginx

Tạo file config như sau sudo vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/nodejs_skeleton.conf

server {
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
    }
}

server {

location / {

proxy_pass http://localhost:3000;

proxy_http_version 1.1;

proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;

proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";

proxy_set_header Host $host;

}

Tiếp theo các bạn cần sửa file nginx.config sudo vi /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

       #  listen       80 default_server;
       #  listen       [::]:80 default_server;
       #  server_name  _;
       #  root         /usr/share/nginx/html;

# listen 80 default_server;

# listen [::]:80 default_server;

# server_name _;

# root /usr/share/nginx/html;

Kiểm tra file nginx đã hoạt động chính xác chưa

sudo nginx -t
Still error: nginx: [warn] conflicting server name "" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored

sudo nginx -t

Still error: nginx: [warn] conflicting server name "" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored

Lệnh start/stop/restart service của nginx như sau

sudo chkconfig nginx on
sudo service nginx start/stop/restart

sudo chkconfig nginx on

sudo service nginx start/stop/restart

PM2

Tạo thư mục client_deploy rồi tạo file config cho PM2 như dưới (hoặc đặt trong thư mục shared) với cluster 2 instance

<span class="token comment">// Options reference: https://pm2.io/doc/en/runtime/reference/ecosystem-file/</span>
module<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exports <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
   apps <span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
     name<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'nodejs_skeleton'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     cwd<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'/var/www/nodejs_skeleton/current'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     script<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'/var/www/nodejs_skeleton/current/bin/www'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     exec_mode<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'cluster_mode'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     instances<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     max_memory_restart<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'300M'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
     env<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token constant">NODE_ENV</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">'production'</span>
      <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

// Options reference: https://pm2.io/doc/en/runtime/reference/ecosystem-file/

module.exports = {

apps : [{

name: 'nodejs_skeleton',

cwd: '/var/www/nodejs_skeleton/current',

script: '/var/www/nodejs_skeleton/current/bin/www',

exec_mode: 'cluster_mode',

instances: 2,

max_memory_restart: '300M',

env: {

NODE_ENV: 'production'

}

}],

};

Init.d Script

Tạo 1 Script tên nodejs_skeleton như dưới trong /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton
Cấp quyền: sudo chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton

<span class="token shebang important">#!/bin/bash</span>
<span class="token comment"># chkconfig: 2345 98 02</span>
<span class="token comment">#</span>
<span class="token comment"># description: PM2 next gen process manager for Node.js</span>

<span class="token assign-left variable">NAME</span><span class="token operator">=</span>nodejs_skeleton
<span class="token assign-left variable">PM2</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/local/bin/pm2
<span class="token assign-left variable">NODE</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/local/bin/node
<span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">USER</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span>ec2-user
<span class="token assign-left variable">CONFIG_FILE_PATH</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/home/ec2-user/client_deploy/ecosystem.config.js

<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable"><span class="token environment constant">PATH</span></span><span class="token operator">=</span>/usr/local/bin:<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span>
<span class="token builtin class-name">export</span> <span class="token assign-left variable">PM2_HOME</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"/home/ec2-user/.pm2"</span>

<span class="token function-name function">get_user_shell</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token builtin class-name">local</span> shell
    <span class="token assign-left variable">shell</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>getent <span class="token function">passwd</span> <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">${1<span class="token operator">:-</span>$(whoami)}</span>"</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">cut</span> -d: -f7 <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token function">sed</span> -e <span class="token string">'s/[[:space:]]*$//'</span><span class="token variable">)</span></span>

    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token variable">$shell</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> *<span class="token string">"/sbin/nologin"</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token variable">$shell</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token string">"/bin/false"</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">||</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span> -z <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">$shell</span>"</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">then</span>
      <span class="token assign-left variable">shell</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"/bin/bash"</span>
    <span class="token keyword">fi</span>

    <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">$shell</span>"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token function-name function">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token builtin class-name">local</span> shell
    <span class="token assign-left variable">shell</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">$(</span>get_user_shell <span class="token environment constant">$USER</span><span class="token variable">)</span></span>
    <span class="token function">su</span> - <span class="token string">"<span class="token environment constant">$USER</span>"</span> -s <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">$shell</span>"</span> -c <span class="token string">"PATH=<span class="token environment constant">$PATH</span>; PM2_HOME=<span class="token variable">$PM2_HOME</span> <span class="token variable">$*</span>"</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token function-name function">start</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"Starting <span class="token variable">$NAME</span>"</span>
    super <span class="token variable">$PM2</span> start <span class="token variable">$CONFIG_FILE_PATH</span> --update-env
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token function-name function">stop</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    super <span class="token variable">$NODE</span> <span class="token variable">$PM2</span> <span class="token function">kill</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token function-name function">restart</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"Restarting <span class="token variable">$NAME</span>"</span>
    stop
    start
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token function-name function">reload</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"Reloading <span class="token variable">$NAME</span>"</span>
    super <span class="token variable">$PM2</span> reload all
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token function-name function">status</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"Status for <span class="token variable">$NAME</span>:"</span>
    super <span class="token variable">$NODE</span> <span class="token variable">$PM2</span> list
    <span class="token assign-left variable">RETVAL</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable">$?</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token string">"<span class="token variable">$1</span>"</span> <span class="token keyword">in</span>
    start<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        start
        <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    stop<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        stop
        <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    status<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        status
        <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    restart<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        restart
        <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    *<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token builtin class-name">echo</span> <span class="token string">"Usage: {start|stop|status|restart}"</span>
        <span class="token builtin class-name">exit</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">esac</span>
<span class="token builtin class-name">exit</span> <span class="token variable">$RETVAL</span>

#!/bin/bash

# chkconfig: 2345 98 02

#

# description: PM2 next gen process manager for Node.js

NAME=nodejs_skeleton

PM2=/usr/local/bin/pm2

NODE=/usr/local/bin/node

USER=ec2-user

CONFIG_FILE_PATH=/home/ec2-user/client_deploy/ecosystem.config.js

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH

export PM2_HOME="/home/ec2-user/.pm2"

get_user_shell() {

local shell

shell=$(getent passwd "${1:-$(whoami)}" | cut -d: -f7 | sed -e 's/[[:space:]]*$//')

if [[ $shell == *"/sbin/nologin" ]] || [[ $shell == "/bin/false" ]] || [[ -z "$shell" ]];

then

shell="/bin/bash"

fi

echo "$shell"

}

super() {

local shell

su - "$USER" -s "$shell" -c "PATH=$PATH; PM2_HOME=$PM2_HOME $*"

}

start() {

echo "Starting $NAME"

super $PM2 start $CONFIG_FILE_PATH --update-env

}

stop() {

super $NODE $PM2 kill

}

restart() {

echo "Restarting $NAME"

stop

start

}

reload() {

echo "Reloading $NAME"

super $PM2 reload all

}

status() {

echo "Status for $NAME:"

super $NODE $PM2 list

RETVAL=$?

}

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

status)

status

;;

restart)

restart

;;

*)

echo "Usage: {start|stop|status|restart}"

exit 1

;;

esac

exit $RETVAL

Commands

Cũng giống như các câu lệnh của webserver như nginx. Khi bị lỗi cũng có thể stop/start hoặc restart.

Start PM2

sudo /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton start

1 2	sudo /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton start

Stop PM2

sudo /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton stop

1 2	sudo /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton stop

Restart PM2

sudo /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton restart

1 2	sudo /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton restart

Check Status

sudo /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton status

1 2	sudo /etc/init.d/nodejs_skeleton status

Deploy

cap staging deploy // Deploy code base from master branch
cap staging deploy DEPLOY_REF=A // Deploy code from branch A

cap staging deploy // Deploy code base from master branch

cap staging deploy DEPLOY_REF=A // Deploy code from branch A

Chia sẻ bài viết ngay

Nguồn bài viết : Viblo

Cách thiết lập ứng dụng Node.js để sản xuất với pm2, nginx

Mở đầu

Init project

Capistrano (local side)

Prerequisite

EC2 (server side)

Prerequisite

App preparation

Configuration

Nginx

PM2

Init.d Script

Commands

Deploy

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