Xây dựng API REST đơn giản trong PHP

Thứ Ba, 24/12/2019

Tram Ho

RESTful API

RESTful API là một tiêu chuẩn dùng trong việc thiết kế API cho các ứng dụng web (thiết kế Web services) để tiện cho việc quản lý các resource. Nó chú trọng vào tài nguyên hệ thống (tệp văn bản, ảnh, âm thanh, video … ), bao gồm các trạng thái tài nguyên được định dạng và được truyền tải qua HTTP.

Xây dựng một project REST API

ban đầu ta tạo một project với cấu trúc thư mục như sau:

* name-project
    * src
    - composer.json
    - .env

* name-project

* src

- composer.json

- .env

thêm đoạn mã sau vào file composer.json, rồi run : composer install

<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token property">"require"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"vlucas/phpdotenv"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"^2.4"</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token property">"autoload"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token property">"psr-4"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token property">"Src\"</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"src/"</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

{

"require": {

"vlucas/phpdotenv": "^2.4"

},

"autoload": {

"psr-4": {

"Src\": "src/"

}

sau khi ta chạy lệnh composer install trong thư mục project sẽ tạo ra một thư mục có tên /vendor

khi này thư viện DotEnv đã được cài đặt thành công

tiếp theo nếu chúng ta muốn cài đặt git cho project thì trong .gitignore thêm tên file .env và thư mục vendor để không đẩy các file .env và vendor lên git tránh mất thông tin và thuận tiện cho làm việc theo nhóm.

vendor/
.env

vendor/

.env

Tạo thêm file .env.example chứa nội dung như sau:

OKTAAUDIENCE=api://default
OKTAISSUER=
SCOPE=
OKTACLIENTID=
OKTASECRET=

OKTAAUDIENCE=api://default

OKTAISSUER=

SCOPE=

OKTACLIENTID=

OKTASECRET=

Tạo thêm file bootstrap.php để tả các biến môi trường touch bootstrap.php có nội dung như sau:

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>
<span class="token keyword">require</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'vendor/autoload.php'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token package">Dotenv<span class="token punctuation"></span>Dotenv</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token variable">$dotenv</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">DotEnv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">__DIR__</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$dotenv</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">load</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// test code, should output:</span>
<span class="token comment">// api://default</span>
<span class="token comment">// when you run $ php bootstrap.php</span>
<span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token function">getenv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'OKTAAUDIENCE'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span>

<?php

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use DotenvDotenv;

$dotenv = new DotEnv(__DIR__);

$dotenv->load();

// test code, should output:

// api://default

// when you run $ php bootstrap.php

echo getenv('OKTAAUDIENCE');

Tiếp theo chúng ta tạo database để lưu và thao tác với dữ liệu, trong bài viết này sẽ dùng MySql.

tạo database có tên là api_example

<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">DATABASE</span> api_example <span class="token keyword">CHARACTER</span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> utf8mb4 <span class="token keyword">COLLATE</span> utf8mb4_unicode_ci<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">USER</span> <span class="token string">'api_user'</span>@'localhost<span class="token string">' identified by '</span>api_password<span class="token string">';
GRANT ALL on api_example.* to '</span>api_user<span class="token string">'@'</span>localhost'<span class="token punctuation">;</span>

CREATE DATABASE api_example CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

CREATE USER 'api_user'@'localhost' identified by 'api_password';

GRANT ALL on api_example.* to 'api_user'@'localhost';

tạo table có tên person

<span class="token keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="token keyword">TABLE</span> person <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    id <span class="token keyword">INT</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span> <span class="token keyword">AUTO_INCREMENT</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    firstname <span class="token keyword">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    lastname <span class="token keyword">VARCHAR</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">100</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">NOT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    firstparent_id <span class="token keyword">INT</span> <span class="token keyword">DEFAULT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    secondparent_id <span class="token keyword">INT</span> <span class="token keyword">DEFAULT</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token keyword">PRIMARY</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>firstparent_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">REFERENCES</span> person<span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token keyword">FOREIGN</span> <span class="token keyword">KEY</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>secondparent_id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">REFERENCES</span> person<span class="token punctuation">(</span>id<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">ON</span> <span class="token keyword">DELETE</span> <span class="token keyword">SET</span> <span class="token boolean">NULL</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">ENGINE</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token keyword">INNODB</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

CREATE TABLE person (

id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

firstname VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

lastname VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

firstparent_id INT DEFAULT NULL,

secondparent_id INT DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (id),

FOREIGN KEY (firstparent_id)

REFERENCES person(id)

ON DELETE SET NULL,

FOREIGN KEY (secondparent_id)

REFERENCES person(id)

ON DELETE SET NULL

) ENGINE=INNODB;

khi này đã có database việc tiếp theo là config trong file .env và .env.example

DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=
DB_USERNAME=
DB_PASSWORD=

DB_HOST=localhost

DB_PORT=3306

DB_DATABASE=

DB_USERNAME=

DB_PASSWORD=

DB_HOST=localhost
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=api_example
DB_USERNAME=api_user
DB_PASSWORD=api_password

DB_HOST=localhost

DB_PORT=3306

DB_DATABASE=api_example

DB_USERNAME=api_user

DB_PASSWORD=api_password

Bước tiếp theo chúng ta sẽ tạo 1 class để thực hiện kết nối đến cơ sở dữ liệu và khỏi tạo kết nối trong file bootstrap.php

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>
<span class="token keyword">namespace</span> <span class="token package">Src<span class="token punctuation"></span>System</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">DatabaseConnector</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token variable">$dbConnection</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">__construct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$host</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getenv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'DB_HOST'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$port</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getenv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'DB_PORT'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$db</span>   <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getenv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'DB_DATABASE'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$user</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getenv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'DB_USERNAME'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$pass</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">getenv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'DB_PASSWORD'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">dbConnection</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name"><span class="token punctuation"></span>PDO</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"mysql:host=<span class="token interpolation"><span class="token variable">$host</span></span>;port=<span class="token interpolation"><span class="token variable">$port</span></span>;charset=utf8mb4;dbname=<span class="token interpolation"><span class="token variable">$db</span></span>"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token variable">$user</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token variable">$pass</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token punctuation"></span>PDOException</span> <span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">dbConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

</span>

<?php

namespace SrcSystem;

class DatabaseConnector {

private $dbConnection = null;

{

$host = getenv('DB_HOST');

$port = getenv('DB_PORT');

$db = getenv('DB_DATABASE');

$user = getenv('DB_USERNAME');

$pass = getenv('DB_PASSWORD');

try {

$this->dbConnection = new PDO(

"mysql:host=$host;port=$port;charset=utf8mb4;dbname=$db",

$user,

$pass

);

} catch (PDOException $e) {

exit($e->getMessage());

}

public function getConnection()

{

return $this->dbConnection;

}

update file

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>
<span class="token keyword">require</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'vendor/autoload.php'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token package">Dotenv<span class="token punctuation"></span>Dotenv</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token package">Src<span class="token punctuation"></span>System<span class="token punctuation"></span>DatabaseConnector</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token variable">$dotenv</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">DotEnv</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token constant">__DIR__</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$dotenv</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">load</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token variable">$dbConnection</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">DatabaseConnector</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">getConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span>

<?php

require 'vendor/autoload.php';

use DotenvDotenv;

use SrcSystemDatabaseConnector;

$dbConnection = (new DatabaseConnector())->getConnection();

khi này việc kết nối database đã xong, chúng ta sẽ tạo một số bản ghi trong bảng person vừa tạo ở trên bằng việc tạo một file dbseed.php có nội dung như sau

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>
<span class="token keyword">require</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'bootstrap.php'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token heredoc-string string"><span class="token delimiter symbol"><span class="token punctuation">&lt;&lt;&lt;</span>EOS</span>
    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS person (
        id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
        firstname VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
        lastname VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
        firstparent_id INT DEFAULT NULL,
        secondparent_id INT DEFAULT NULL,
        PRIMARY KEY (id),
        FOREIGN KEY (firstparent_id)
            REFERENCES person(id)
            ON DELETE SET NULL,
        FOREIGN KEY (secondparent_id)
            REFERENCES person(id)
            ON DELETE SET NULL
    ) ENGINE=INNODB;

    INSERT INTO person
        (id, firstname, lastname, firstparent_id, secondparent_id)
    VALUES
        (1, 'Krasimir', 'Hristozov', null, null),
        (2, 'Maria', 'Hristozova', null, null),
        (3, 'Masha', 'Hristozova', 1, 2),
        (4, 'Jane', 'Smith', null, null),
        (5, 'John', 'Smith', null, null),
        (6, 'Richard', 'Smith', 4, 5),
        (7, 'Donna', 'Smith', 4, 5),
        (8, 'Josh', 'Harrelson', null, null),
        (9, 'Anna', 'Harrelson', 7, 8);
<span class="token delimiter symbol">EOS<span class="token punctuation">;</span></span></span>

<span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token variable">$createTable</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$dbConnection</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">exec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"Success!n"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token punctuation"></span>PDOException</span> <span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span>

<?php

require 'bootstrap.php';

$statement = <<<EOS

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS person (

id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

firstname VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

lastname VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,

firstparent_id INT DEFAULT NULL,

secondparent_id INT DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (id),

FOREIGN KEY (firstparent_id)

REFERENCES person(id)

ON DELETE SET NULL,

FOREIGN KEY (secondparent_id)

REFERENCES person(id)

ON DELETE SET NULL

) ENGINE=INNODB;

INSERT INTO person

(id, firstname, lastname, firstparent_id, secondparent_id)

VALUES

(1, 'Krasimir', 'Hristozov', null, null),

(2, 'Maria', 'Hristozova', null, null),

(3, 'Masha', 'Hristozova', 1, 2),

(4, 'Jane', 'Smith', null, null),

(5, 'John', 'Smith', null, null),

(6, 'Richard', 'Smith', 4, 5),

(7, 'Donna', 'Smith', 4, 5),

(8, 'Josh', 'Harrelson', null, null),

(9, 'Anna', 'Harrelson', 7, 8);

EOS;

try {

$createTable = $dbConnection->exec($statement);

echo "Success!n";

}

Ở phạm vi bài viết này để thao tác với cơ sở dữ liệu thì chúng ta sẽ ko thông qua hệ thống ORM như Eloquent hay Doctrine mà ở sẽ viết câu lệnh truy vấn trực tiếp trong class PersonGateway

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>
<span class="token keyword">namespace</span> <span class="token package">Src<span class="token punctuation"></span>TableGateways</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">PersonGateway</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token variable">$db</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">__construct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$db</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">db</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$db</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">findAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"
            SELECT 
                id, firstname, lastname, firstparent_id, secondparent_id
            FROM
                person;
        "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">db</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">query</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">fetchAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token package">PDO</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token constant">FETCH_ASSOC</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$result</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token punctuation"></span>PDOException</span> <span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"
            SELECT 
                id, firstname, lastname, firstparent_id, secondparent_id
            FROM
                person
            WHERE id = ?;
        "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">db</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">prepare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">execute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">fetchAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token package">PDO</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token constant">FETCH_ASSOC</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$result</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token punctuation"></span>PDOException</span> <span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>    
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">Array</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"
            INSERT INTO person 
                (firstname, lastname, firstparent_id, secondparent_id)
            VALUES
                (:firstname, :lastname, :firstparent_id, :secondparent_id);
        "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">db</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">prepare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">execute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstname'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstname'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'lastname'</span>  <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'lastname'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstparent_id'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstparent_id'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'secondparent_id'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'secondparent_id'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">rowCount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token punctuation"></span>PDOException</span> <span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>    
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">Array</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"
            UPDATE person
            SET 
                firstname = :firstname,
                lastname  = :lastname,
                firstparent_id = :firstparent_id,
                secondparent_id = :secondparent_id
            WHERE id = :id;
        "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">db</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">prepare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">execute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>
                <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'id'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>int<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstname'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstname'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'lastname'</span>  <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'lastname'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstparent_id'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstparent_id'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
                <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'secondparent_id'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'secondparent_id'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">?</span><span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">rowCount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token punctuation"></span>PDOException</span> <span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>    
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"
            DELETE FROM person
            WHERE id = :id;
        "</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">try</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token variable">$statement</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">db</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">prepare</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">execute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'id'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$statement</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">rowCount</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">catch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token class-name"><span class="token punctuation"></span>PDOException</span> <span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$e</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">getMessage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>    
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span>

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<?php

namespace SrcTableGateways;

class PersonGateway {

private $db = null;

{

$this->db = $db;

}

public function findAll()

{

$statement = "

SELECT

id, firstname, lastname, firstparent_id, secondparent_id

FROM

person;

";

try {

$statement = $this->db->query($statement);

$result = $statement->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

return $result;

}

public function find($id)

{

$statement = "

SELECT

id, firstname, lastname, firstparent_id, secondparent_id

FROM

person

WHERE id = ?;

";

try {

$statement = $this->db->prepare($statement);

$statement->execute(array($id));

return $result;

}

public function insert(Array $input)

{

$statement = "

INSERT INTO person

(firstname, lastname, firstparent_id, secondparent_id)

VALUES

(:firstname, :lastname, :firstparent_id, :secondparent_id);

";

try {

$statement = $this->db->prepare($statement);

'firstname' => $input['firstname'],

'lastname' => $input['lastname'],

'firstparent_id' => $input['firstparent_id'] ?? null,

'secondparent_id' => $input['secondparent_id'] ?? null,

));

return $statement->rowCount();

}

public function update($id, Array $input)

{

$statement = "

UPDATE person

SET

firstname = :firstname,

lastname = :lastname,

firstparent_id = :firstparent_id,

secondparent_id = :secondparent_id

WHERE id = :id;

";

try {

$statement = $this->db->prepare($statement);

'id' => (int) $id,

));

}

public function delete($id)

{

$statement = "

DELETE FROM person

WHERE id = :id;

";

try {

$statement = $this->db->prepare($statement);

$statement->execute(array('id' => $id));

}

để thao tác với dữ liệu thì chúng ta chỉ cần khai báo và gọi đến các hàm

<span class="token variable">$personGateway</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PersonGateway</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$dbConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>


<span class="token comment">// return all records</span>
<span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">findAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// return the record with id = 1</span>
<span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// insert a new record</span>
<span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstname'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'Doug'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'lastname'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'Ellis'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// update the record with id = 10</span>
<span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
    <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstname'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'Doug'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'lastname'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'Ellis'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'secondparent_id'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// delete the record with id = 10</span>
<span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

$personGateway = new PersonGateway($dbConnection);

// return all records

$result = $personGateway->findAll();

// return the record with id = 1

$result = $personGateway->find(1);

// insert a new record

$result = $personGateway->insert([

'lastname' => 'Ellis'

]);

// update the record with id = 10

$result = $personGateway->update(10, [

'secondparent_id' => 1

]);

// delete the record with id = 10

$result = $personGateway->delete(10);

Implement the PHP REST API

Để tiếp nhận những yêu cầu và xử lý thì chúng ta sẽ tạo file /public/index.php và src/Controller/PersonController.php

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>
<span class="token keyword">require</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"../bootstrap.php"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token package">Src<span class="token punctuation"></span>Controller<span class="token punctuation"></span>PersonController</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token function">header</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">header</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">header</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"Access-Control-Allow-Methods: OPTIONS,GET,POST,PUT,DELETE"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">header</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">header</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"Access-Control-Allow-Headers: Content-Type, Access-Control-Allow-Headers, Authorization, X-Requested-With"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token variable">$uri</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">parse_url</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$_SERVER</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'REQUEST_URI'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">PHP_URL_PATH</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$uri</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">explode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$uri</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// all of our endpoints start with /person</span>
<span class="token comment">// everything else results in a 404 Not Found</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$uri</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">!==</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'person'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token function">header</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token function">exit</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// the user id is, of course, optional and must be a number:</span>
<span class="token variable">$userId</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">isset</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$uri</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token variable">$userId</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>int<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token variable">$uri</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token variable">$requestMethod</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$_SERVER</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">"REQUEST_METHOD"</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// pass the request method and user ID to the PersonController and process the HTTP request:</span>
<span class="token variable">$controller</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PersonController</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$dbConnection</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$requestMethod</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$userId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$controller</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">processRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
</span>

<?php

require "../bootstrap.php";

use SrcControllerPersonController;

header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *");

header("Content-Type: application/json; charset=UTF-8");

header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods: OPTIONS,GET,POST,PUT,DELETE");

header("Access-Control-Max-Age: 3600");

header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers: Content-Type, Access-Control-Allow-Headers, Authorization, X-Requested-With");

$uri = parse_url($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], PHP_URL_PATH);

$uri = explode( '/', $uri );

// all of our endpoints start with /person

// everything else results in a 404 Not Found

if ($uri[1] !== 'person') {

header("HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found");

exit();

}

// the user id is, of course, optional and must be a number:

$userId = null;

if (isset($uri[2])) {

$userId = (int) $uri[2];

}

$requestMethod = $_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"];

// pass the request method and user ID to the PersonController and process the HTTP request:

$controller = new PersonController($dbConnection, $requestMethod, $userId);

$controller->processRequest();

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>
<span class="token keyword">namespace</span> <span class="token package">Src<span class="token punctuation"></span>Controller</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">use</span> <span class="token package">Src<span class="token punctuation"></span>TableGateways<span class="token punctuation"></span>PersonGateway</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">PersonController</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token variable">$db</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token variable">$requestMethod</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token variable">$userId</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token variable">$personGateway</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">__construct</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$db</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$requestMethod</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$userId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">db</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$db</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">requestMethod</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$requestMethod</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">userId</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$userId</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">personGateway</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">PersonGateway</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$db</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">processRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">switch</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">requestMethod</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'GET'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">userId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                    <span class="token variable">$response</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">getUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">userId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                    <span class="token variable">$response</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">getAllUsers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'POST'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token variable">$response</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">createUserFromRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'PUT'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token variable">$response</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">updateUserFromRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">userId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">case</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'DELETE'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token variable">$response</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">deleteUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">userId</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">default</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token variable">$response</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">notFoundResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token keyword">break</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token function">header</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'status_code_header'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'body'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'body'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getAllUsers</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">findAll</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'status_code_header'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'HTTP/1.1 200 OK'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'body'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">json_encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$result</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">getUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token variable">$result</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">notFoundResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'status_code_header'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'HTTP/1.1 200 OK'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'body'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">json_encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$result</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">createUserFromRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$input</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">array</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">json_decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">file_get_contents</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'php://input'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TRUE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">validatePerson</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">unprocessableEntityResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">insert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'status_code_header'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'HTTP/1.1 201 Created'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'body'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">updateUserFromRequest</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token variable">$result</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">notFoundResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token variable">$input</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">array</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token function">json_decode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">file_get_contents</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'php://input'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">TRUE</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">validatePerson</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">unprocessableEntityResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">update</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'status_code_header'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'HTTP/1.1 200 OK'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'body'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">deleteUser</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$result</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">find</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token variable">$result</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">notFoundResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token variable">$this</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token property">personGateway</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span><span class="token function">delete</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$id</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'status_code_header'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'HTTP/1.1 200 OK'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'body'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">validatePerson</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token function">isset</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'firstname'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token function">isset</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$input</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'lastname'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">false</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">unprocessableEntityResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'status_code_header'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'HTTP/1.1 422 Unprocessable Entity'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'body'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">json_encode</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>
            <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'error'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'Invalid input'</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">notFoundResponse</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'status_code_header'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found'</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'body'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">null</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token variable">$response</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
</span>

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<?php

namespace SrcController;

use SrcTableGatewaysPersonGateway;

class PersonController {

private $db;

private $requestMethod;

private $userId;

private $personGateway;

public function __construct($db, $requestMethod, $userId)

{

$this->requestMethod = $requestMethod;

$this->userId = $userId;

$this->personGateway = new PersonGateway($db);

}

public function processRequest()

{

switch ($this->requestMethod) {

case 'GET':

if ($this->userId) {

$response = $this->getUser($this->userId);

} else {

};

break;

case 'POST':

$response = $this->createUserFromRequest();

break;

case 'PUT':

$response = $this->updateUserFromRequest($this->userId);

break;

case 'DELETE':

$response = $this->deleteUser($this->userId);

break;

default:

break;

}

header($response['status_code_header']);

if ($response['body']) {

echo $response['body'];

}

private function getAllUsers()

{

$result = $this->personGateway->findAll();

$response['status_code_header'] = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK';

$response['body'] = json_encode($result);

return $response;

}

private function getUser($id)

{

$result = $this->personGateway->find($id);

if (! $result) {

return $this->notFoundResponse();

}

return $response;

}

private function createUserFromRequest()

{

$input = (array) json_decode(file_get_contents('php://input'), TRUE);

if (! $this->validatePerson($input)) {

return $this->unprocessableEntityResponse();

}

$this->personGateway->insert($input);

$response['status_code_header'] = 'HTTP/1.1 201 Created';

return $response;

}

private function updateUserFromRequest($id)

{

$result = $this->personGateway->find($id);

return $this->notFoundResponse();

}

return $this->unprocessableEntityResponse();

}

$this->personGateway->update($id, $input);

return $response;

}

private function deleteUser($id)

{

$result = $this->personGateway->find($id);

return $this->notFoundResponse();

}

$this->personGateway->delete($id);

return $response;

}

private function validatePerson($input)

{

if (! isset($input['firstname'])) {

return false;

}

if (! isset($input['lastname'])) {

return false;

}

return true;

}

private function unprocessableEntityResponse()

{

$response['status_code_header'] = 'HTTP/1.1 422 Unprocessable Entity';

'error' => 'Invalid input'

]);

return $response;

}

private function notFoundResponse()

{

$response['status_code_header'] = 'HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found';

return $response;

}

Để test các api mà chúng ta vừa xây dựng ở trên thì cần đến một công cụ như Postman nhưng trước tiên phải khỏi động bằng câu lệnh

php -S 127.0.0.1:8000 -t public

sau đó connect đến 127.0.0.1:8000 và thực hiện test 5 API sau

<span class="token comment">// return all records</span>
<span class="token constant">GET</span> <span class="token operator">/</span>person

<span class="token comment">// return a specific record</span>
<span class="token constant">GET</span> <span class="token operator">/</span>person<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>id<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// create a new record</span>
<span class="token constant">POST</span> <span class="token operator">/</span>person

<span class="token comment">// update an existing record</span>
<span class="token constant">PUT</span> <span class="token operator">/</span>person<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>id<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">// delete an existing record</span>
<span class="token constant">DELETE</span> <span class="token operator">/</span>person<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>id<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

// return all records

GET /person

// return a specific record

GET /person/{id}

// create a new record

POST /person

// update an existing record

PUT /person/{id}

// delete an existing record

DELETE /person/{id}

Qua bài viết này chúng ta đã phần nào hiểu rõ hơn các bước xây dựng một API REST với ngôn ngữ PHP.

Tài liệu tham khảo

developer.okta.com

Chia sẻ bài viết ngay

Nguồn bài viết : Viblo

Xây dựng API REST đơn giản trong PHP

RESTful API

Xây dựng một project REST API

Implement the PHP REST API

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