Plasma- Solution for Blockchain network expansion (continued)

Tram Ho

Hello everyone, in this article, I would like to continue sharing about things related to Blockchain technology that I have learned, looking forward to the support of everyone.

First, I would like to re-emphasize the problem: The most prominent Blockchain networks such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have struggled with transaction speed, scalability issues since its inception – the problem causes problems. afraid for widespread application and daily use of electronic money. And this is the reason that the expansion of Ethereum or Bitcoin network in particular and the Blockchain network in general is promoted at the present time. And it is also the reason for today, we can learn about Sharding or Plasma . And now, let's find out what they are, what they can do and what they mean for Blockchain networks.

Begin

"Sharding and Plasma to Help Ethereum Reach 1 Million Transactions Per Second"

This is the statement of Vitalik Buterin (co-founder of Ethereum – one of the world's largest Blockchain networks) and I would like to translate it: "Sharding and Plasma can push Ethereum's trading speed up to 1 million transactions per second !!! "

This number is much larger than the average transaction speed of a visa (about 1700 transactions per second) or paypal (about 193 transactions per second) according to the statistics of the link . So what is Sharding and Plasma related to each other? And how can they get the transaction rate of Etherem only (about) 20 transactions per second (at the present time) to a whopping number?

1, Sharding and Plasma

As the previous post I shared about Sharding, and you can review the article for a more detailed review (a little bit ? ) about it. And I would like to repeat a few things:

  • Sharding is a solution for expanding the Ethereum network by dividing the entire network into "shards" or "micro-chains" to handle separate transactions. By classifying transactions on individual strings within the main Ethereum block, only one group of nodes needs to verify the relevant transaction.
  • It eliminates the need for all nodes in the network to handle individual transactions. This helps speed up transactions on Ethereum Blockchain (of course, it is like just asking the neighbors' signatures, it will be much faster than having to get the village's signature to confirm the same problem. ? )

Illustrative image for Sharding

(illustration of Sharding)

Plasma?

Or think of during the math exam, you (the main Ethereum series) split one more person (plasma series) and his task is to calculate calculations (of course, it must be correct) ? ) and your task is only to record the results on paper without further processing, and from there you can sit and watch crush or abcxyz … is it perfect (hehe)

And that's also the main idea of Plasma : Plasma adds a second string that connects to the main Ethereum chain and from there we can handle the protocols in large and faster mass contracts. There is a fun meme with Plasma with the content: with Plasma, you can create "blockchain in blockchain in blockchain in the original blockchain" but it's absolutely right, it's the way Plasma works and it is described in White Paper of Plasma, people can refer deeper there.

(Plasma illustration)

We can also think of the following case to understand what the need for Plasma for Ethereum is: In a gaming world, you also know the number of transactions, battles, parameters, … Its everyday is "super big, huge". If you put them all on Ethereum network (because you want to take advantage of the transparency, you can't modify it much more, you have to put up Blockchain as much) at the current speed of about 20 TPS (Transactions Per Second), in particular Come to that game, handling transactions will have to wait (and cost more) how long !! Meanwhile, the appearance of "the second world", where will handle transactions, parameters, battles, … for Ethereum and the task of the main chain Ethereum is now only to receive data. Data (needed) and save it in Block only ?

And let's continue!

"So if you get a 100x from Sharding and a 100x from Plasma, those two are given you a 10,000x scalability gain, which basically means blockchains will be powerful enough to handle most applications most people are trying to do with most applications.

It was also Buterin's statement when he described the new scaling solutions on the Ethereum network. And passing by, we can also understand his idea: Plasma and Sharding can combine together (just conducting Sharding and conducting Plasma) to bring Ethereum's trading speed up to 1 million TPS in a way. their activity.

So, we understand how the relationship between Sharding and Plasma is, the two expansion solutions can be combined while ensuring the security on Ethereum, creating a capable decentralized ecosystem. Support one million transactions per second.

2, how does Plasma work?

Plasma, in essence, is the block chain built above the block chain. That's a bunch of smart contracts running on the original string – here is the main sequence of Ethereum.

If people visualize architecture and structure of Plasma, they can relate to the main Blockchain and Plasma block like a tree. The chain is the root while the plasma chains or sub-chains are growing branches.

(picture of Plasma architecture – Hackernoon)

The substring works around the original string (Ethereum Blockchain's main string) performs its own calculations and periodically provides status information (data to be stored) for the original string. The original string is not related to anything that happens in the substring, but it only takes care of the data from the substring unless there is a dispute that needs to be resolved in the substring (some spoofing or transaction. incorrect).

Some associations to better understand the operation of Plasma chains and main chains:

2.1, Loop

The original string and substring will form a set of nested block strings. To understand how nested nested systems work, I would like to take the example of nested loops:

-> Instead of using only one loop to execute the entire condition, we will use another loop inside the main loop and separate the conditions. The inner loop performs the calculation and returns the value for the main loop (external loop) to execute the final conditions. This makes computing much less complicated.

It is essentially how nested block chains work. An illustrative example is quite easy to understand, right ?

Another interesting way to better understand Plasma and especially to know how to resolve disputes in Plasma operation, we will relate to "court system".

2.2, Court system

(image illustrates UK court hierarchy – Source )

In this case:

  • The Supreme Court is the original chain, which gives land law.
  • The Supreme Court has its sub-strings (Criminal and Civil) and each sub-string has its own substring.

So, if a person issues a civil case to court, they can go directly to the supreme court (of course this depends on the high level of the case).

Applicants will first have to go to district courts. If they are not satisfied with the county's decision, they can go to a higher court before finally appealing to the supreme court and there, surely their questions and requests will be solved. yes (yes or no, then it will have to be accepted then ? ).

These are the ideas to help us reach Plasma as well as how it works more easily, and I also want to stop the article here. Certainly there will be a lot of problems surrounding not only Plasma but also Ethereum or Blockchain. People can learn more about documents, white paper, …

3, Summary

Plasma and Sharding are two solutions (actually I don't know what the two solutions are exactly because they can be combined into one and are an extremely necessary solution for the expansion of Blockchain networks). . But everything has its duality, increasing scalability, speed of transactions are pushed up, but security or decentralization is a problem that we need to consider.

In general, from the point of view of programmers or people who are passionate about technology like us, it is not something too big, just having more knowledge to learn and more things to do I just sat down with iced tea, it was good ??

Thank you to everyone who followed my sharing, surely my article cannot be missed by errors and omissions in both content and explanation, so I urge everyone to discuss and contribute to I and we are more complete. I would like to thank!

References:

https://cryptoslate.com/vitalik-buterin-sharding-and-plasma-to-help-ethereum-reach-1-million-transactions-per-second/

https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-omisego-the-plasma-protocol/

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Source : Viblo