PHP8 released!

Thursday, 26/11/2020

Tram Ho

PHP 8 has been mentioned quite a lot lately (at least for me), and after 5 release candidate, it’s finally ready to be used today – 11/26/2020, instead of bundled Please DO NOT use this version in production, it is an early test version. warning line Please DO NOT use this version in production, it is an early test version.

As a major update, PHP 8 comes with a lot of new features and performance improvements. However, if you are using php7.2 or below, chances are your project will need a little change to run smoothly on PHP 8, if you plan to upgrade: 3 but probably not many people. Where are the environment changes for the project running

New feature

Let’s take a look at some of the cool new features of PHP 8, that I think you will enjoy PHP

Union types

Makes PHP’s data type more flexible. Union types are a collection of 2 or more data types for the same variable

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">foo</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">array</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> string <span class="token variable">$input</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> int <span class="token operator">|</span> float <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

public function foo ( array | string $input ) : int | float ;

Be a little careful that void cannot be part of the union types declaration, since it returns nothing =]]. In addition, nullable can be used in unions type by syntax |null , or using ?

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">foo</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">array</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token constant">null</span> <span class="token variable">$foo</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> void <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">bar</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> string <span class="token variable">$bar</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> void <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

public function foo ( array | null $foo ) : void ;

public function bar ( ? string $bar ) : void ;

Nullsafe operator

Everyone’s familiar with the null coalescing operator , of type $a ?? 'baro' is well known, this toy doesn’t work with functions. So you still have to check with rice via if else, or if you use laravel, there is an optional() helper optional() . Eg:

<span class="token variable">$country</span> <span class="token operator">=</span>  <span class="token constant">null</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$session</span> <span class="token operator">!==</span> <span class="token constant">null</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token variable">$user</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$session</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">user</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

  <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$user</span> <span class="token operator">!==</span> <span class="token constant">null</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token variable">$address</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$user</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">getAddress</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
 
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$address</span> <span class="token operator">!==</span> <span class="token constant">null</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
      <span class="token variable">$country</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$address</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">country</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

$country = null ;

if ( $session !== null ) {

$user = $session - > user ;

if ( $user !== null ) {

$address = $user - > getAddress ( ) ;

if ( $address !== null ) {

$country = $address - > country ;

}

Then with PHP 8, you can summarize it like this:

<span class="token variable">$country</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$session</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">user</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">getAddress</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">country</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

$country = $session ? - > user ? - > getAddress ( ) ? - > country ;

Named arguments

This toy allows you to pass a value to a parameter, but through the key for that parameter. So you no longer have to care about the parameter order, as well as omit some optional parameters

<span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">foo</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string <span class="token variable">$a</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> string <span class="token variable">$b</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> string <span class="token variable">$c</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">null</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> string <span class="token variable">$d</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">null</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> string <span class="token variable">$e</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token constant">null</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token comment">/* … */</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token function">foo</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    e <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'value b'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> 
    a <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'value a'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> 
    c <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'value r'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    b <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'value o'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

function foo ( string $a , string $b , ? string $c = null , ? string $d = null , ? string $e = null )

{ /* … */ }

foo (

e : 'value b' ,

a : 'value a' ,

c : 'value r' ,

b : 'value o' ,

) ;

Match expression

Sibling relative to switch case , match returns the value directly and omits break

<span class="token keyword">echo</span> match <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token number">200</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'200'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'401'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'404'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"Oh no!"</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token number">200</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">"It seems good."</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//&gt; It seems good.</span>

echo match ( 200 ) {

'200' , '401' , '404' = > "Oh no!" ,

200 = > "It seems good." ,

} ;

//> It seems good.

Constructor property promotion

Anyone using php must be familiar with this scene

<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Point</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> float <span class="token variable">$x</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> float <span class="token variable">$y</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> float <span class="token variable">$z</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

  <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">__construct</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    float <span class="token variable">$x</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    float <span class="token variable">$y</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    float <span class="token variable">$z</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token variable">$this</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">x</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$x</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token variable">$this</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">y</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$y</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token variable">$this</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">z</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$z</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

class Point {

public float $x ;

public float $y ;

public float $z ;

public function __construct (

float $x = 0.0 ,

float $y = 0.0 ,

float $z = 0.0 ,

) {

$this - > x = $x ;

$this - > y = $y ;

$this - > z = $z ;

}

And the next toy will save quite a bit of code just to declare the propertise as above, especially whoever is using Laravel Livewire will love it

<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Point</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
  <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">__construct</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> float <span class="token variable">$x</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> float <span class="token variable">$y</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> float <span class="token variable">$z</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0.0</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
  <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

class Point {

public function __construct (

public float $x = 0.0 ,

public float $y = 0.0 ,

public float $z = 0.0 ,

) { }

}

Throw expression

With this version, throw will be an expression instead of statement as before. Ie you can write like this

<span class="token variable">$triggerException</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> fn <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ApiException</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token variable">$order</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$list</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'order'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token keyword">throw</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">OrderNotFound</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'order'</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

$triggerException = fn ( ) = > throw new ApiException ( ) ;

$order = $list [ 'order' ] ? ? throw new OrderNotFound ( 'order' ) ;

And much more …

This version has a lot of changes, I temporarily bait some interesting things here for you to care about

See more details at the PHP 8 homepage

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Source : Viblo

PHP8 released!

New feature

Union types

Nullsafe operator

Named arguments

Match expression

Constructor property promotion

Throw expression

And much more …

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