How to create a router – Routing – PHP

Saturday, 29/08/2020

Tram Ho

For a long time when you have used PHP framework, you have wondered: How was the route in that framework created? Today I will share with you how to create a router in PHP according to my understanding.

Project initialization.

First, I will create a project as follows:

Inside:

- index.php: File php bắt đầu của hệ thống.
- .htaccess: File này dùng để rewrite lại url trước khi xử lý url trên server.
- core/http/Route.php: xử lý gọi route và map route.
- app/routes.php: chứa tất cả route của ứng dụng.

- index.php: File php bắt đầu của hệ thống.

- .htaccess: File này dùng để rewrite lại url trước khi xử lý url trên server.

- core/http/Route.php: xử lý gọi route và map route.

- app/routes.php: chứa tất cả route của ứng dụng.

Code

Start with the .htaccess file first.

RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d 
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteRule ^(.+)$ index.php?url=$1

RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

RewriteRule ^(.+)$ index.php?url=$1

Function: Convert any url from / segment1 / segment2 / … to index.php? Url = segment1 / segment2 / … and return it to the server

Next is the file index.php .

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>

<span class="token comment">// Định nghĩa hằng Path của file index.php</span>
<span class="token function">define</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'PATH_ROOT'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">__DIR__</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// Autoload class trong PHP</span>
<span class="token function">spl_autoload_register</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string <span class="token variable">$class_name</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">include_once</span> <span class="token constant">PATH_ROOT</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token variable">$class_name</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'.php'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// Lấy url hiện tại của trang web. Mặc định la /</span>
<span class="token variable">$request_url</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token keyword">empty</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$_GET</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'url'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token variable">$_GET</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'url'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// Lấy phương thức hiện tại của url đang được gọi. (GET | POST). Mặc định là GET.</span>
<span class="token variable">$method_url</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token keyword">empty</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$_SERVER</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'REQUEST_METHOD'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token variable">$_SERVER</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'REQUEST_METHOD'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'GET'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

</span>

<?php

// Định nghĩa hằng Path của file index.php

define ( 'PATH_ROOT' , __DIR__ ) ;

// Autoload class trong PHP

spl_autoload_register ( function ( string $class_name ) {

include_once PATH_ROOT . '/' . $class_name . '.php' ;

} ) ;

// Lấy url hiện tại của trang web. Mặc định la /

$request_url = ! empty ( $_GET [ 'url' ] ) ? '/' . $_GET [ 'url' ] : '/' ;

// Lấy phương thức hiện tại của url đang được gọi. (GET | POST). Mặc định là GET.

$method_url = ! empty ( $_SERVER [ 'REQUEST_METHOD' ] ) ? $_SERVER [ 'REQUEST_METHOD' ] : 'GET' ;

At this point, call test a url we will get:

Next is the file corehttpRoute.php

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>

<span class="token keyword">namespace</span> <span class="token package">Core  Http</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">/**
 * 
 * Class Route
 * 
 */</span>
<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">Route</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token comment">/**
     * 
     * - Mảng lưu trữ route của ứng dụng
     * - Mỗi route sẽ gôm url, method, action và params
     * 
     */</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token variable">$__routes</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token comment">// Hàm khởi tạo</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">__construct</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$this</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">__routes</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">/**
     * 
     * Phương thức get
     * 
     * @param string $url URL cần so khớp
     * @param string|callable $action Hành động khi URL được gọi. Có thể là một callback hoặc một method trong controller
     * 
     * @return void
     * 
     */</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">get</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// Xử lý phương thức GET</span>
            <span class="token variable">$this</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">__request</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'GET'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">/**
     * 
     * Phương thức POST
     * 
     * @param string $url URL cần so khớp
     * @param string|callable $action Hành động khi URL được gọi. Có thể là một callback hoặc một method trong controller
     * 
     * @return void
     * 
     */</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">post</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
         <span class="token comment">// Xử lý phương thức POST</span>
         <span class="token variable">$this</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">__request</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'POST'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    
    <span class="token comment">/**
     * 
     * Xử lý phương thức
     * 
     * @param string $url URL cần so khớp
     * @param string $method method của route. GET hoặc POST
     * @param string|callable $action Hành động khi URL được gọi. Có thể là một callback hoặc một method trong controller
     * 
     * @return void
     * 
     */</span>
    <span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">__request</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> string <span class="token variable">$method</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">// kiem tra xem URL co chua param khong. VD: post/{id}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">preg_match_all</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/({([a-zA-Z]+)})/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$params</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">preg_replace</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/({([a-zA-Z]+)})/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'(.+)'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token comment">// Thay the tat ca cac ki tu / bang ky tu / (regex) trong URL.</span>
        <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">str_replace</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token variable">$route</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
            <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'url'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'method'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$method</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'action'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'params'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$params</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">array_push</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">__routes</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$route</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    
    <span class="token comment">/**
     * 
     * Hàm xử lý khi một URL được gọi
     * 
     * @param string $url URL được gọi đến server
     * @param string $method Phương thức url được gọi. GET | POST
     * 
     * @return void
     * 
     */</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">map</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> string <span class="token variable">$method</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// code</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

</span>

100

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102

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104

<?php

namespace Core Http ;

/**

* Class Route

*/

class Route

{

/**

* - Mảng lưu trữ route của ứng dụng

* - Mỗi route sẽ gôm url, method, action và params

*/

private $__routes ;

// Hàm khởi tạo

public function __construct ( )

{

$this - > __routes = [ ] ;

}

/**

* Phương thức get

* @param string $url URL cần so khớp

* @param string|callable $action Hành động khi URL được gọi. Có thể là một callback hoặc một method trong controller

* @return void

*/

public function get ( string $url , $action )

{

// Xử lý phương thức GET

$this - > __request ( $url , 'GET' , $action ) ;

}

/**

* Phương thức POST

* @param string $url URL cần so khớp

* @param string|callable $action Hành động khi URL được gọi. Có thể là một callback hoặc một method trong controller

* @return void

*/

public function post ( string $url , $action )

{

// Xử lý phương thức POST

$this - > __request ( $url , 'POST' , $action ) ;

}

/**

* Xử lý phương thức

* @param string $url URL cần so khớp

* @param string $method method của route. GET hoặc POST

* @param string|callable $action Hành động khi URL được gọi. Có thể là một callback hoặc một method trong controller

* @return void

*/

private function __request ( string $url , string $method , $action )

{

// kiem tra xem URL co chua param khong. VD: post/{id}

if ( preg_match_all ( '/({([a-zA-Z]+)})/' , $url , $params ) ) {

$url = preg_replace ( '/({([a-zA-Z]+)})/' , '(.+)' , $url ) ;

}

// Thay the tat ca cac ki tu / bang ky tu / (regex) trong URL.

$url = str_replace ( '/' , '/' , $url ) ;

$route = [

'url' = > $url ,

'method' = > $method ,

'action' = > $action ,

'params' = > $params [ 2 ]

] ;

array_push ( $this - > __routes , $route ) ;

}

/**

* Hàm xử lý khi một URL được gọi

* @param string $url URL được gọi đến server

* @param string $method Phương thức url được gọi. GET | POST

* @return void

*/

public function map ( string $url , string $method )

{

// code

}

Now we write the request function.

<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">__request</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> string <span class="token variable">$method</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token comment">// kiểm tra xem URL có chứa param không. VD: post/{id}</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">preg_match_all</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/({([a-zA-Z]+)})/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$params</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token comment">// thay thế param bằng (.+). VD: post/{id} -&gt; post/(.+)</span>
            <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">preg_replace</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/({([a-zA-Z]+)})/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'(.+)'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token comment">// Thay thế tất cả các kí tự / bằng ký tự / (regex) trong URL.</span>
        <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">str_replace</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token comment">// Tạo một route mới</span>
        <span class="token variable">$route</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>
            <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'url'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'method'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$method</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'action'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'params'</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token variable">$params</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        
        <span class="token comment">// Thêm route vào router.</span>
        <span class="token function">array_push</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">__routes</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$route</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

{

// kiểm tra xem URL có chứa param không. VD: post/{id}

// thay thế param bằng (.+). VD: post/{id} -> post/(.+)

}

// Thay thế tất cả các kí tự / bằng ký tự / (regex) trong URL.

// Tạo một route mới

$route = [

] ;

// Thêm route vào router.

}

Go back to file index.php , add new code

<span class="token comment">// Định nghĩa hằng Path của file index.php</span>
<span class="token function">define</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'PATH_ROOT'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token constant">__DIR__</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// Autoload class trong PHP</span>
<span class="token function">spl_autoload_register</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string <span class="token variable">$class_name</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">include_once</span> <span class="token constant">PATH_ROOT</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token variable">$class_name</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'.php'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>


<span class="token comment">// load class Route</span>
<span class="token variable">$router</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Core  Http  Route</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">include_once</span> <span class="token constant">PATH_ROOT</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/app/routes.php'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>


<span class="token comment">// Lấy url hiện tại của trang web. Mặc định la /</span>
<span class="token variable">$request_url</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token keyword">empty</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$_GET</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'url'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token variable">$_GET</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'url'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// Lấy phương thức hiện tại của url đang được gọi. (GET | POST). Mặc định là GET.</span>
<span class="token variable">$method_url</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token operator">!</span> <span class="token keyword">empty</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$_SERVER</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'REQUEST_METHOD'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">?</span> <span class="token variable">$_SERVER</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'REQUEST_METHOD'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'GET'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token comment">// map URL</span>
<span class="token variable">$router</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">map</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$request_url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$method_url</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

// Định nghĩa hằng Path của file index.php

// Autoload class trong PHP

} ) ;

// load class Route

$router = new Core Http Route ( ) ;

// Lấy url hiện tại của trang web. Mặc định la /

// Lấy phương thức hiện tại của url đang được gọi. (GET | POST). Mặc định là GET.

// map URL

$router - > map ( $request_url , $method_url ) ;

Back to file corehttpRoute.php we write a map function for the route.

<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">map</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> string <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> string <span class="token variable">$method</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// Lặp qua các route trong ứng dụng, kiểm tra có chứa url được gọi không</span>
    <span class="token keyword">foreach</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$this</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token property">__routes</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token variable">$route</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

        <span class="token comment">// nếu route có $method</span>
        <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$route</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'method'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token variable">$method</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

            <span class="token comment">// kiểm tra route hiện tại có phải là url đang được gọi.</span>
            <span class="token variable">$reg</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/^'</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token variable">$route</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'url'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'$/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">preg_match</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$reg</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$url</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$params</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token function">array_shift</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$params</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token variable">$this</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">__call_action_route</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$route</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'action'</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$params</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// nếu không khớp với bất kì route nào cả.</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'404 - Not Found'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token comment">/**
 * 
 * Hàm gọi action route
 * 
 * @param string|callable $action action của route
 * @param array $params Các tham số trên url
 * 
 * @return void
 * 
 */</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">__call_action_route</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$params</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token comment">// Nếu $action là một callback (một hàm).</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">is_callable</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">call_user_func_array</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$params</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// Nếu $action là một phương thức của controller. VD: 'HomeControll <a class="__cf_email__" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection">[email protected]</a> '.</span>
    <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token function">is_string</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">explode</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'@'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$controller_name</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'App\Controllers\'</span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token variable">$controller</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token variable">$controller_name</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
        <span class="token function">call_user_func_array</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token variable">$controller</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$action</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$params</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

        <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

{

// Lặp qua các route trong ứng dụng, kiểm tra có chứa url được gọi không

foreach ( $this - > __routes as $route ) {

// nếu route có $method

if ( $route [ 'method' ] == $method ) {

// kiểm tra route hiện tại có phải là url đang được gọi.

$reg = '/^' . $route [ 'url' ] . '$/' ;

if ( preg_match ( $reg , $url , $params ) ) {

array_shift ( $params ) ;

$this - > __call_action_route ( $route [ 'action' ] , $params ) ;

return ;

}

// nếu không khớp với bất kì route nào cả.

echo '404 - Not Found' ;

return ;

}

/**

* Hàm gọi action route

* @param string|callable $action action của route

* @param array $params Các tham số trên url

* @return void

*/

private function __call_action_route ( $action , $params )

{

// Nếu $action là một callback (một hàm).

if ( is_callable ( $action ) ) {

call_user_func_array ( $action , $params ) ;

return ;

}

// Nếu $action là một phương thức của controller. VD: 'HomeControll <a class="__cf_email__" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection">[email protected]</a> '.

if ( is_string ( $action ) ) {

$action = explode ( '@' , $action ) ;

$controller_name = 'App\Controllers\' . $action [ 0 ] ;

$controller = new $controller_name ( ) ;

call_user_func_array ( [ $controller , $action [ 1 ] ] , $params ) ;

return ;

}

Pass the file app/routes.php

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span> 

<span class="token comment">// action là callback</span>
<span class="token variable">$router</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">get</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'home'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

</span>

<?php

// action là callback

$router - > get ( '/' , function ( ) {

echo 'home' ;

} ) ;

You guys try it yourself.

In case the action is a controller then we need to create a controller in the app/controllers directory. For example we create controller app/controllers/HomeController.php

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span> 
<span class="token keyword">namespace</span> <span class="token package">App  Controllers</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

<span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">HomeController</span>
<span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">index</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
          <span class="token keyword">echo</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'home'</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

</span>

<?php

namespace App Controllers ;

class HomeController

{

public function index ( )

{

echo 'home' ;

}

and return to the app/routes.php file

<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span> 

<span class="token comment">// action là callback</span>
<span class="token variable">$router</span> <span class="token operator">-</span> <span class="token operator">&gt;</span> <span class="token function">get</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">'/'</span> <span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token single-quoted-string string">' <a class="__cf_email__" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection">[email protected]</a> '</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span>

</span>

<?php

// action là callback

$router - > get ( '/' , ' <a class="__cf_email__" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection">[email protected]</a> ' ) ;

You run by yourself and see the results.

summary

So creating a router in PHP is not too difficult, right? so easy

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Source : Viblo

How to create a router – Routing – PHP

Project initialization.

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